ACT Math · Circles, arcs, and sectors

What are the center and radius of the circle given by x² + y² - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0?

(3,-2)
What are the center and radius of the circle given by x2+y2−6x+4y−12=0x^2 + y^2 - 6x + 4y - 12 = 0?

Answer and explanation

Answer: F: center (3, -2), radius 5

Complete the square in both variables: (x2−6x+9)+(y2+4y+4)=12+9+4(x^2-6x+9)+(y^2+4y+4)=12+9+4, so (x−3)2+(y+2)2=25(x-3)^2+(y+2)^2=25. The standard form (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2 gives center (3,−2)(3,-2) and radius 25=5\sqrt{25}=5, choice F. Choice G has the signs of the center reversed, (−3,2)(-3,2). Choice H has the right center but reports r2=25r^2=25 as the radius. Choice J uses the full coefficients, (6,−4)(6,-4), instead of half of them. Check with the graph: the center (3,−2)(3,-2) is shown in the figure, and the point (8,−2)(8,-2), which is 55 to the right, satisfies the original equation.

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