ACT Math · Probability and counting

Of 100 people surveyed, 60 like coffee, 45 like tea, and 25 like both. What is the probability that a randomly selected person likes…

Of 100 people surveyed, 60 like coffee, 45 like tea, and 25 like both. What is the probability that a randomly selected person likes coffee or tea?

Answer and explanation

Answer: C: 0.80

Use the addition rule: P(coffee or tea)=P(coffee)+P(tea)−P(both)=0.60+0.45−0.25=0.80P(\text{coffee or tea})=P(\text{coffee})+P(\text{tea})-P(\text{both})=0.60+0.45-0.25=0.80, choice C. The people who like both were counted twice, once in each group, so they must be subtracted once. Equivalently, 3535 like only coffee, 2020 like only tea, and 2525 like both, which totals 8080 out of 100100. Choice D (1.051.05) forgets to subtract the overlap, and a probability cannot exceed 11. Choice A (0.600.60) counts only coffee drinkers. Choice B (0.700.70) is 0.45+0.250.45+0.25, which leaves out the coffee-only group.

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