ACT Math · Polynomial and rational functions

What are all real solutions to x³ + 2x² - 9x - 18 = 0?

What are all real solutions to x3+2x2−9x−18=0x^3 + 2x^2 - 9x - 18 = 0?

Answer and explanation

Answer: F: x = -2, 3, -3

Factor by grouping: x3+2x2−9x−18=x2(x+2)−9(x+2)=(x+2)(x2−9)=(x+2)(x−3)(x+3)x^3+2x^2-9x-18=x^2(x+2)-9(x+2)=(x+2)(x^2-9)=(x+2)(x-3)(x+3). Setting each factor to zero gives x=−2x=-2, x=3x=3, and x=−3x=-3, choice F. Check x=−2x=-2: −8+8+18−18=0-8+8+18-18=0. Choice G reverses the sign of the first root, giving 22, but x=2x=2 gives 8+8−18−18=−208+8-18-18=-20, not zero. Choice H (−2,9-2,9) and choice J (2,9,−92,9,-9) use 99 and −9-9 as roots, but those numbers are values of x2x^2 rather than of xx; the actual roots of this cubic are all small. Always substitute a candidate back into the original equation.

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