ACT Math · Polynomial and rational functions

What values of x must be excluded from the domain of f(x) = (x+5)/(x²-9)?

What values of xx must be excluded from the domain of f(x)=x+5x2−9f(x) = \dfrac{x+5}{x^2-9}?

Answer and explanation

Answer: H: x = 3 and x = -3

A rational function is undefined where its denominator is zero. Set x2−9=0x^2-9=0, so (x−3)(x+3)=0(x-3)(x+3)=0 and x=3x=3 or x=−3x=-3. Both values must be excluded, choice H. The numerator plays no role in the excluded values here, because it does not cancel with any factor of the denominator. Choice F (55) confuses the problem with the numerator, which is zero at x=−5x=-5, and a zero in the numerator is perfectly allowed. Choice G (33 only) misses x=−3x=-3, since (−3)2=9(-3)^2=9 also. Choice J (99) confuses x2=9x^2=9 with x=9x=9. Check: (−3)2−9=0(-3)^2-9=0.

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