ACT Math · Quadratic functions and equations

What are the solutions to x² + 10x + 21 = 0, found by completing the square?

What are the solutions to x2+10x+21=0x^2 + 10x + 21 = 0, found by completing the square?

Answer and explanation

Answer: F: x = -3, -7

Move the constant: x2+10x=−21x^2+10x=-21. Complete the square by adding (102)2=25\left(\frac{10}{2}\right)^2=25 to both sides: x2+10x+25=4x^2+10x+25=4, so (x+5)2=4(x+5)^2=4. Then x+5=±2x+5=\pm2, giving x=−3x=-3 or x=−7x=-7, choice F. Check by factoring: (x+3)(x+7)=x2+10x+21(x+3)(x+7)=x^2+10x+21. Choice G (3,73,7) drops the negative signs. Choice H (−3,7-3,7) keeps only one sign. Choice J (−21,1-21,1) uses the factor pair of 2121 whose sum is −20-20 rather than 1010. The roots must sum to −10-10 and multiply to 2121. Either method gives the same roots, so use whichever is faster.

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