ACT Math · Quadratic functions and equations

A parabola crosses the x-axis at x = -1 and x = 5, and has a y-intercept of -5. Which equation represents this parabola?

A parabola crosses the x-axis at x=−1x = -1 and x=5x = 5, and has a y-intercept of −5-5. Which equation represents this parabola?

Answer and explanation

Answer: A: f(x) = x² - 4x - 5

A parabola with zeros at −1-1 and 55 has the form f(x)=a(x+1)(x−5)f(x)=a(x+1)(x-5). The yy-intercept is f(0)=a(1)(−5)=−5a=−5f(0)=a(1)(-5)=-5a=-5, so a=1a=1. Expanding, f(x)=x2−4x−5f(x)=x^2-4x-5, choice A. Choice B (x2+4x−5x^2+4x-5) has zeros at −5-5 and 11. Choice C (x2−4x+5x^2-4x+5) has a yy-intercept of 55 and no real zeros. Choice D (2x2−4x−52x^2-4x-5) has the right yy-intercept but f(−1)=2+4−5=1≠0f(-1)=2+4-5=1\ne0, so −1-1 is not a zero. A candidate must match both the zeros and the intercept. Expanding (x+1)(x−5)(x+1)(x-5) confirms the middle term is −4x-4x.

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