SAT Math · Equivalent expressions · medium

What is the minimum value of the function f(x) = x² - 6x + 5?

What is the minimum value of the function f(x)=x2−6x+5f(x) = x^2 - 6x + 5?

Answer and explanation

Answer: C: -4

Complete the square. Half of −6-6 is −3-3, and (−3)2=9(-3)^2 = 9. Then x2−6x+5=(x2−6x+9)−9+5=(x−3)2−4x^2 - 6x + 5 = (x^2 - 6x + 9) - 9 + 5 = (x - 3)^2 - 4. Since a square is never negative, the minimum occurs when x=3x = 3 and equals −4-4, choice C. Choice A (5) is the yy-intercept, f(0)f(0). Choice B (3) is the xx-coordinate of the vertex, not the minimum value. Choice D (−6-6) is the xx-coefficient. The question asks for the minimum value of the function, which is the yy-coordinate of the vertex.

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