SAT Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable · medium

How many valid solutions does the equation √(x+10) = x - 2 have, after rejecting any extraneous candidates?

How many valid solutions does the equation x+10=x−2\sqrt{x+10} = x - 2 have, after rejecting any extraneous candidates?

Answer and explanation

Answer: D: 1

Square both sides of x+10=x−2\sqrt{x + 10} = x - 2: x+10=(x−2)2=x2−4x+4x + 10 = (x - 2)^2 = x^2 - 4x + 4. Rearranging gives x2−5x−6=0x^2 - 5x - 6 = 0, so (x−6)(x+1)=0(x - 6)(x + 1) = 0 and the candidates are x=6x = 6 and x=−1x = -1. Check each in the original. For x=6x = 6: 16=4\sqrt{16} = 4 and 6−2=46 - 2 = 4, so it works. For x=−1x = -1: 9=3\sqrt{9} = 3 but −1−2=−3-1 - 2 = -3, so it fails. Only one valid solution remains, choice D. Choice A counts the extraneous root. Choice B is wrong since x=6x = 6 works. Choice C is impossible for a radical equation.

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