SAT Math · Nonlinear functions · easy

What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote of f(x) = (3x+6)/(x-5)?

What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=3x+6x−5f(x) = \dfrac{3x+6}{x-5}?

Answer and explanation

Answer: A: y=3

For a rational function whose numerator and denominator have the same degree, the horizontal asymptote is the ratio of the leading coefficients. Here the leading coefficients are 3 and 1, so y=31=3y = \frac{3}{1} = 3, choice A. Intuitively, when xx is huge, the constants +6+6 and −5-5 are negligible, and 3xx=3\frac{3x}{x} = 3. Choice B (y=5y = 5) is wrong because 5 gives the vertical asymptote, where the denominator is zero. Choice C (y=6y = 6) uses the constant of the numerator. Choice D (x=5x = 5) is that vertical asymptote, which is a vertical line and not a horizontal asymptote.

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