SAT Math · Nonlinear functions · medium

For the function f(x) = (x²-9)/(x-3), what occurs at x=3?

For the function f(x)=x2−9x−3f(x) = \dfrac{x^2-9}{x-3}, what occurs at x=3x=3?

Answer and explanation

Answer: C: A removable discontinuity (a hole), not a vertical asymptote

Factor the numerator as a difference of squares: x2−9=(x−3)(x+3)x^2 - 9 = (x-3)(x+3). Then f(x)=(x−3)(x+3)x−3=x+3f(x) = \frac{(x-3)(x+3)}{x-3} = x + 3 for x≠3x \neq 3. The factor x−3x - 3 cancels completely, so the function is not defined at x=3x = 3 but approaches 6 from both sides. That creates a removable discontinuity, or hole, at (3,6)(3, 6), choice C. Choice A is the usual reflex when a denominator is zero, but a vertical asymptote needs a factor that remains in the denominator after canceling. Choice B is wrong because the function is a line with a hole. Choice D is wrong because f(3)f(3) is undefined.

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