SAT Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable · medium

For how many integer values of k between -6 and 6, inclusive, does the equation x² + kx + 9 = 0 have exactly one real solution?

For how many integer values of kk between −6-6 and 66, inclusive, does the equation x2+kx+9=0x^2 + kx + 9 = 0 have exactly one real solution?

Answer and explanation

Answer: 2

A quadratic has exactly one real solution when its discriminant is zero. For x2+kx+9=0x^2 + kx + 9 = 0, the discriminant is k2−36k^2 - 36, so k2=36k^2 = 36 and k=6k = 6 or k=−6k = -6. Both are integers in the range from −6-6 to 66 inclusive. Check: x2+6x+9=(x+3)2x^2 + 6x + 9 = (x+3)^2 and x2−6x+9=(x−3)2x^2 - 6x + 9 = (x-3)^2, each with a single root. So there are 2 values. A common wrong answer is 1, from counting only the positive value, and another is 13, from counting every integer in the range. Remember that squaring gives two roots, positive and negative.

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